What are the Pros and Cons of not having a CIO/CTO in an organization from an innovation point of view? Would this structure work for most Industries, provide examples (with sources and industries) to support your answer. 

What are the Pros and Cons of not having a CIO/CTO in an organization from an innovation point of view? Would this structure work for most Industries, provide examples (with sources and industries) to support your answer. 

Cons

Innovative companies really need CTOs/CIOs and not having them would be detrimental to the company.

As companies compete to deliver the best experience possible to their clients, they need individuals to deliver the experience, a role best played by CTOs. The CTO's focus on delivering better services and products speaks directly to delivering a better customer experience.

A good CTO will support innovation in that they will know how to link objectives to technical solutions. The CTO gets to utilize CTO for the empowerment of the mission of the company. With the need to innovate, most firms get disrupted by outsiders that are missing chances to use technology to deliver better products, better customer service, and to attain higher efficiency

CIOs are mostly the individuals in an organization that is responsible for guiding the company, they are responsible for innovation within the business, mostly overlooking the IT strategy adopted. They are the ones with the vision for how IT will develop and evolve within organizations.

Therefore, an organization not having a CTO/CIO will be detrimental to its innovative plans and will most likely fail.

(Forbes, 2016) https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2016/05/16/how-a-great-cto-can-benefit-your-company/#38886a096c8d

(Brandwagt, 2016) https://www.inteqna.com/blog/does-my-organization-really-need-a-cto

Pros

It would be advantageous to not have a CTO in an organization depending on the age of the organization. Bringing a CTO at the wrong time can cost. For instance, start-up companies can function with no CTO/CIO because the firm is new and most may have no product so there is no need to pay a person for growth and development.

(Spiegel & Tait, 2017) https://foundertherapy.co/blog/you-dont-need-cto-launch-startup/

Example

The structure of not having CTOs would not work for most innovative industries. Google is one of the companies that has seen the advantage of having CTOs.  Before having CTOs, Google only talked of their product-centric and the customers had to synthesize it into the next step themselves. However, after investing in CTOs, Google realized many new product features, partnerships, geographic footprints, and a lot of new clients.

(Grannis, 2018) https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/inside-google-cloud/octo-google-cloud-two-way-innovation-street
QUESTION 03. [05pts]
In your opinion, historically how does having individual Executives overlook certain functions, affect the services or products delivered to the End User annually?

I feel that having individual executives overlooks some of the functions and affects the products or services that are delivered to end users annually. The executives mostly receive large benefit packages with a lot of stock options. The practice could be advantageous to the company but when overused, it could result in issues for the company, executives, and stakeholders including the customers. The money that could have been spent on innovation and adequate service delivery could get diverted to executive wages.
QUESTION 04. [05pts]
How have Apple and Google delivered on the power of Moore’s Law with their products and services in the last 5 years? Provide sources for your response.

Moore’s law predicts that the number of transistors in the chip would improve by a factor of two every eighteen months. Innovation and technology in general have applied the concepts of Moore’s law. Examples of these companies are Apple and Google which have delivered Moore’s law through their goods and services. Both Apple and Google have their own speech recognition, with Apple using Siri. In addition, Apple is said to be developing new hardware to cram their new smartphone with applications not only in speech recognition but also in the Internet of Everything (IoE), machine learning (ML), and artificial intelligence (AI)

(Hossein, 2017).  https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/impact-moores-law-services-applications-dr-hossein-eslambolchi/